国际传统知识保护模式分析及对我国中医药传统知识保护的启示

Title:

Analysis on International Traditional Knowledge Protection Mode and Enlightenment of TCM Traditional Knowledge Protection in China

文章编号:

2095-5707(2018)04-0001-05

作者:

甄思圆; 李海燕^*; 刘扬

中国中医科学院中医药信息研究所，北京 100700

Author(s):

ZHEN Si-yuan;  LI Hai-yan^*;  LIU Yang

Institute of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China

关键词:

传统知识保护; 中医药传统知识; “举证”式保护; “立法”式保护; “全面”式保护

Keywords:

traditional knowledge protection;  TCM traditional knowledge;  evidence-based protection;  legislation-based protection;  comprehensive protection

分类号:

R288

DOI:

10.3969/j.issn.2095-5707.2018.04.001

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

中医药传统知识的重要性日益凸显，但保护工作进展缓慢，出现多起“生物盗版”事件。为探索适合我国国情的保护模式，本文在分析国际组织保护行为的基础上，对比分析了美国、印度、韩国、菲律宾、泰国、秘鲁、巴西等国家的传统知识保护方案，总结出“举证”式保护、“立法”式保护及“全面”式保护3种模式。“举证”式保护主要做法包括建立数据库、成立基金会、实行登记制度等；“立法”式保护主要做法是颁布传统知识保护法律或者在现有法律中增加传统知识保护条文；“全面”式保护主要做法是在保护传统知识的过程中融合多种保护模式。我国中医药传统知识保护工作也可以采用这3种模式，通过设立法律、构建数据库等方式，加快中医药传统知识保护进程。

Abstract:

The importance of TCM traditional knowledge is becoming more and more obvious. However, the protection work is progressing slowly, and there are many “biopiracy” incidents. In order to explore suitable protection mode for China, based on the analysis on protection behaviors of international organizations, this article compared and analyzed traditional knowledge protection schemes of the United States, India, South Korea, Philippines, Thailand, Peru, Brazil and other countries, and concluded three modes, including “evidence-based protection”, “legislation-based protection” and “comprehensive protection”. “Evidence-based protection” includes setting up databases, establishing foundations, and implementing registration systems, etc.; “Legislation-based protection” includes issuing traditional knowledge protection laws or adding items about traditional knowledge protection in the existed legal provisions. “Comprehensive protection” includes integrating multiple protection modes in the process of protecting traditional knowledge. Therefore, TCM traditional knowledge protection in China can apply the three modes by setting up traditional knowledge protection laws and building databases, in order to speed up the process of TCM traditional knowledge protection.